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Default judgement - status and perspectives
Danihlík, Tomáš ; Zahradníková, Radka (referee)
Default Judgement - Status and Perspectives Abstract This thesis deals with the topic of default judgment and the status and perspectives of its legal regulation. A default judgment is a special type of judgment that allows the court, under certain conditions, to decide a case without taking evidence on the basis that the allegations made by the plaintiff are undisputed. This makes it an instrument which allows proceedings to be expedited. The default judgment is a classic procedural law institution with a long tradition dating back to the ancient Romans. The tradition of contumacious proceedings in Czech law was disrupted by the adoption of the Code of Civil Procedure in 1950 and the default judgment returned to Czech law only after the establishment of the independent Czech Republic, but it was built on a different basis than the rules in force in the Czech Republic until the adoption of the 1950 Code. As a result, the Czech legal system treats default judgement in a narrower way than the Austrian system, which is the source of some of the problems with which the current system of default judgments has to contend. However, the legislator did not choose to extend the possibility of issuing default judgments to situations where the defendant fails to make a statement of defence or to appear at a preparatory...
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Relationship between Judgments for Recognition and Default Judgments
Šmahelová, Adéla ; Sedláček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Smolík, Petr (referee)
Relationship between Judgments for Recognition and Default Judgments Abstract The subject of this diploma thesis is the relationship between judgments for recognition and default judgments. In both cases, the judgements are special institutes typical for civil contentious proceedings, primarily aimed at speeding up the proceedings before the court. The statutory provisions seek to achieve this mainly by not requiring the court to establish the facts of the case when deciding by special judgments, as the decisions are based solely on plaintiff's factual allegations or defendant's act of disposition. Firstly, the starting point for determining the links between the two judgments is an analysis of the judgments as separate decisions. The current legal framework recognises three types of special judgments, namely a judgment for explicit recognition, a judgment for a legal fiction of recognition and a default judgment. In particular, a judgment for explicit recognition should be distinguished from a fictitious judgment for recognition and a default judgment. Whereas the first decision is based on a dispositive act made by the defendant freely expressing his will to recognise the claim, the other two judgments are based on defendant's default, either by failing to appear at the hearing or make a statement of...
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Dispositional acts of the parties to the civil proceedings
Strakošová, Simona ; Frintová, Dita (advisor) ; Vyskočilová, Silvia (referee)
Dispositional acts of the parties to the civil proceedings Abstract The diploma thesis deals with the issue of dispositional acts of the parties to the civil proceedings. The thesis therefore focuses on individual dispositional acts in contentious and non- contentious proceedings and on the displays of declaratory principle that affect the civil proceeding through these acts. The aim of the thesis was to analyze the current Czech legal regulation of dispositional acts using not only valid legal regulations, but also professional literature, professional articles and case law. With regard to the current case law this thesis also concentrates on selected issues related to the application of dispositional acts in procedural practice, it outlines some potential problems of interpretation and takes a stand on them. The first chapter of this thesis deals with the declaratory principle, primarily with its essence and influence of contentious proceedings. It describes two main aspects of disposition in proceedings and explains the inclusion of this principle in the typology of principles specific to individual branches of the civil proceedings. The second chapter contains an explanation focused on the issue of participation in civil proceedings and clarifies who can be considered a participant eligible to perform...
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Default Judgement - Status and Perspectives
Danihlík, Tomáš ; Sedláček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Smolík, Petr (referee)
Default Judgement - Status and Perspectives Abstract This thesis deals with the topic of default judgment and the status and perspectives of its legal regulation. A default judgment is a special type of judgment that allows the court, under certain conditions, to decide a case without taking evidence on the basis that the allegations made by the plaintiff are undisputed. This makes it an instrument which allows proceedings to be expedited. The default judgment is a classic procedural law institution with a long tradition dating back to the ancient Romans. The tradition of contumacious proceedings in Czech law was disrupted by the adoption of the Code of Civil Procedure in 1950 and the default judgment returned to Czech law only after the establishment of the independent Czech Republic, but it was built on a different basis than the rules in force in the Czech Republic until the adoption of the 1950 Code. As a result, the Czech legal system treats default judgement in a narrower way than the Austrian system, which is the source of some of the problems with which the current system of default judgments has to contend. However, the legislator did not choose to extend the possibility of issuing default judgments to situations where the defendant fails to make a statement of defence or to appear at a preparatory...
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Judgment by Acknowledgement and Judgment by Default
Klein, Jakub ; Pohl, Tomáš (advisor) ; Macková, Alena (referee)
70 Abstract This diploma thesis is focused mainly on the judgment by acknowledgement and judgment by default which are institutes of the civil procedural law, which purpose is mainly to increase the efficiency of the legal proceedings. The aim of the thesis is to offer a complete overview of the current legal legislation and its practical usage. At the same time this thesis attempts to cope with problems, which the current legislation suffers with, and offers convenient conceptual solutions. This piece of work is divided into five chapters. The first chapter generally concerns the judgment by acknowledgement and clarifies the conditions in details that are essential to meet for its issuance. It concurrently distinguishes the judgment issued on the basis of actual acknowledgement by defendant and a judgment issued on the basis of legal fiction of acknowledgement of claim. The second chapter is dedicated to the institute of judgment by default. In the first subchapter the individual preconditions for the judgment by default issuing are being discussed in details, whether the formal or the material ones. This subchapter is divided according to these individual preconditions. The second subchapter deals closely with the defence of the defendant consisting in the proposal of cancellation of the judgment by...
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Special types of judgments in civil procedure
Gulová, Andrea ; Sedláček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Frintová, Dita (referee)
Special types of judgments in civil procedure Abstract The goal of my rigorous work is to further examine the special types of judgments in civil procedure, that include judgment by default and judgment by acknowledgement, to evaluate the current legislation of these judgments and to consider possible legislation from a de lege ferenda point of view. The first part of the work shows the reader the basic features of both judgments and their differences from other judgments, as well as with both of these judgments on a generic level. The second part captures the historical development of a judgment by default and a judgment for acknowledgement from the oldest legislation to the current legislation. The main third part is devoted to the judgment by default. The first chapter and its subchapters analyze in detail the individual preconditions for issuing a judgment by default, which are the default of the defendant, service of the application, service of the summons, instruction on the consequences of default, absence of reasonable and timely apology, first hearing in the case, proposal of the plaintiff, admissibility, lack of conditions for a judgment for acknowledgement and judicial discretion. The second chapter then focuses on the excusable reasons of default and also touches on the relationship between an...
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Judgment by Default
Wenig, Adam ; Dvořák, Bohumil (advisor) ; Holčapek, Tomáš (referee)
1 Judgment by Default Abstract Judgment by default is a special type of a judgment on the merits, which serves as a tool against intentional delays in judicial proceedings. Due to the not negligible role of this type of a judgment, the purpose of this master's thesis is to evaluate the current state of legislation with regards to the selected fundamental theoretical aspects, historical development of the legislation, selected constitutional principles and recently proposed new legislation. The first chapter analyzes the basic theoretical foundations of default judgments. The essence of the term contumacy as well as factual presumptions, on the basis of which the courts issue default judgments, are presented therein. This chapter also explains why it is not possible to consider a default to be a procedural act of a party to proceedings and why a default judgment is only applicable in civil proceedings. Furthermore, the essential differences between judgments by default and judgments of acknowledgment are pointed out. The second chapter describes the historical development of default judgment regulation since the Roman law times. The most attention is paid to the Civil Procedure Code of 1895 because of its significant influence on the current legislation. In the third chapter, the constitutional conformity of...
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Comparison of Judgment by Default under Czech and Spanish Law
Švábová, Marie ; Dvořák, Bohumil (advisor) ; Holčapek, Tomáš (referee)
1 Comparison of Judgment by Default under Czech and Spanish Law Abstract This diploma thesis addresses Czech and Spanish legislation with respect to judgement by default and the subsequent compassion thereof. First chapter focuses on the defendant's default under Czech law, more specifically on the concept of the defendant's default during court proceedings, conditions that must be met in order to deliver a judgement by default, impermissibility of delivering a judgement by default, excusable grounds of default as well as the remedies that can be relied upon against such judgement. Second chapter follows with a description of Spanish legislation on the defendant's default during court proceedings. It deals with the concept of the defendant's default during court proceedings, conditions under which it is possible to issue a declaration of defendant's default, consequences associated with the defendant's default during court proceedings, delivering court documents to the defendant and to application for annulment of the final decision on the matter of the defendant in default and other remedies available to the defendant under Spanish law. The final chapter of the thesis outlines important differences which the author came across whilst studying each legislation. The author attempts to draw her own critical...
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Judgment by Acknowledgement and Judgment by Default
Klein, Jakub ; Pohl, Tomáš (advisor) ; Macková, Alena (referee)
70 Abstract This diploma thesis is focused mainly on the judgment by acknowledgement and judgment by default which are institutes of the civil procedural law, which purpose is mainly to increase the efficiency of the legal proceedings. The aim of the thesis is to offer a complete overview of the current legal legislation and its practical usage. At the same time this thesis attempts to cope with problems, which the current legislation suffers with, and offers convenient conceptual solutions. This piece of work is divided into five chapters. The first chapter generally concerns the judgment by acknowledgement and clarifies the conditions in details that are essential to meet for its issuance. It concurrently distinguishes the judgment issued on the basis of actual acknowledgement by defendant and a judgment issued on the basis of legal fiction of acknowledgement of claim. The second chapter is dedicated to the institute of judgment by default. In the first subchapter the individual preconditions for the judgment by default issuing are being discussed in details, whether the formal or the material ones. This subchapter is divided according to these individual preconditions. The second subchapter deals closely with the defence of the defendant consisting in the proposal of cancellation of the judgment by...
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